Blinded By Oxygen: Professor Sharpless's Tale






Professor Karl Barry Sharpless was the recipient of the 2001 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work on stereoselective oxidations. Sharpless worked on the enantioselective oxidation of allylic alcohols using a titanium isopropoxide catalyst, chiral tartrate ligands, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide. He also developed an asymmetric dihydroxylation of alkenes using osmium tetroxide (OsO4) and dihydroquinine based chiral ligands. In an MIT newsletter, Sharpless recounted the circumstances of his laboratory injury in 1970, not long after starting his independent career as an assistant professor at MIT, which caused him to lose sight in one eye. Late one night, Sharpless stopped to check on a graduate student before leaving the lab. The first-year was flame sealing an NMR tube in a liquid nitrogen bath. Sharpless held the tube up to the light and saw a large volume of liquid in the tube. The liquid, later realized to be liquid oxygen, quickly disappeared and the tube instantly exploded sending shards of glass into his cornea, collapsing his eye. He spent the next two weeks in the hospital with both eyes covered. “The pain was terrific, but my fear was even greater” he said. His dread came from the potential for sympathetic ophthalmia, a rare but well documented inflammation of both eyes following trauma to one eye. The autoimmune inflammatory response of the uninjured eye toward foreign ocular antigens from the injured eye can cause total blindness as your body attacks these antigens harming your “good” eye. Fortunately, Sharpless recovered and regained full sight in his uninjured eye with no other injuries. Following the experience, he said “there's simply never an adequate excuse for not wearing safety glasses in the laboratory at all times.” In case of a severe eye injury such as a cut or an object in the eye, secure a paper cup over the eye socket making sure there is no pressure on the eye itself and seek immediate medical attention.

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